Franciscan at Home

“For the promise is to you and to your children and to all that are far off, every one whom the Lord our God calls to him.” Acts 2:39

Challenging times require innovative solutions. These are indeed challenging times, both in our world and in the Church. It is important for lay catechists to shine as beacons of light in the darkness to draw entire families to the one, true Light—that of Christ himself in the Catholic Church. Most importantly, it is the time for the wise process of the RCIA to move to the forefront of our endeavors for the evangelization and catechesis of entire families.

Whether we realize it or not, we have providentially been training many years for the time in which we are now living. Holy Mother Church takes good care of her children and she has been preparing us for decades. From the restoration of the baptismal catechumenate at Vatican II[1] to the General Directory for Catechesis,[2] the National Directory for Catechesis,[3] and most recently to the newly published Directory for Catechesis,[4] the Church has held up the baptismal catechumenate as the essential model upon which all catechesis should be based.

The new Directory for Catechesis states that it “is becoming ever more urgent, that catechesis should be inspired by the catechumenal model” (DC 62). What is it about the RCIA that makes it such an inspiring model? The new Directory enlightens us: “This formative experience is progressive and dynamic; rich in signs and expressions and beneficial for the integration of every dimension of the person” (DC 2). 

Unpacking this magisterial statement, we begin to see the benefit of using the catechumenal model to form disciples of all ages.  The RCIA is a shaping or forming experience that advocates a change from who the person is at present toward the person God created him to be. This change, or metanoia, is meant to be very powerful and energizing for the participant. It involves much more than passively attending sessions to jump through hoops and receive a certificate of completion at the end. A program has a beginning and an end, whereas a process is fluid and ongoing. The RCIA process is designed to renew and bring into union every aspect of the person with Christ and his Church for all eternity.  This change is going to cost each participant something. The way he or she has lived life in the past will now change in many ways, which can be more than a bit unnerving. The signs and expressions cannot be perceived as “rich” until the person begins to change and seeks to learn and understand how God moves in his or her soul. Each individual needs to be given the necessary time coupled with accompaniment by formed disciples to “to feel called away from sin and drawn into the mystery of God’s love” as they begin to desire to follow Christ.[5]

Missionary Outreach

Deep in the trenches of parish life, our RCIA team has recently begun what may best be described as a missionary outreach to parents approaching Mother Church with their unbaptized children who have reached the age of reason through age seventeen. In the past, we would have focused primarily on preparing these young people via the RCIA process adapted for children and teens. Albeit a worthy endeavor in itself, we have found through experience that it often ends up being both a catechetical and spiritual dead end.

Most often, the parents have never been evangelized themselves, and if they have been catechized, it has been many years since they have received any formation in the faith. This, coupled with the fact they rarely attend Mass (if at all), are not an active part of the parish community, and often have irregular marriage situations, makes it all the more essential to focus on the parents as well as their children and teens. In other words, if we do not minister to the adult parents in whatever situation they happen to be, the children will be unable to practice their faith in the community to which they have been welcomed because we will never see them again. They receive their sacraments, and they are “done”—often for life, due to the lack of spiritual support in the home.

Introducción

A lo largo de las últimas décadas, los teólogos dedicados a la reflexión sobre la evangelización en general, y sobre el momento de la catequesis, dentro de ella, en particular, han reflexionado y atendido considerablemente al tema del kerigma, y eso, muy acertadamente. El kerigma puede ser entendido adecuadamente como la síntesis del Evangelio, y, como tal, siempre merece un estudio más atento, especialmente así en un tiempo en donde el catolicismo está menguando en muchas partes.

En esta serie de tres partes, yo explico qué es el kerigma y por qué es importante. En la primera edición, ofrecí una visión general del kerigma, identificando siete componentes esenciales: 1) la salvación, 2) la vida, 3) la muerte, 4) la Resurrección de 5) Jesús de Nazaret, quien es a la vez 6) Cristo y 7) Señor. Habiendo ya abordado los componentes del 1) al 4) en las dos primeras ediciones, en esta última edición me centraré en los últimos tres componentes: que el kerigma trata de Jesucristo, el Señor.

Jesús: “Dios salva”

Por motivos de espacio, tocaré brevemente la importancia del nombre propio de Jesús antes de tratar el significado de Sus títulos como Cristo y Señor. Para este fin, consideremos la enseñanza del Catecismo de la Iglesia Católica.

CIC 430 ofrece un comentario compacto y sustancioso sobre el sentido de “Jesús”, observando primero la etimología del nombre – que significa “Dios salva” – y ofreciendo luego esta puntualización acerca del nombre: “expresa a la vez Su identidad y Su misión”. “Jesús” – “Dios salva” – es a la vez quién es Jesús y qué hace. Él, la Segunda Persona de la Santísima Trinidad, es el mismo Dios, y en la Encarnación, Él ha asumido la naturaleza humana para salvarnos. “Jesús”: es a la vez quién es y qué es lo que vino a hacer.

Cristo: el Mesías largamente esperado

Tras ocuparme brevemente del nombre propio de Jesús, veamos ahora lo que muchos tratan como si fuera el apellido de Jesús: Cristo.

A lo largo del Nuevo Testamento, hay constantes referencias a Jesús de Nazaret como Jesucristo. Y cuando oramos, a menudo nos referimos a Él de esta forma. Pero, a pesar de lo que la gente a veces supone sin pensarlo mucho, Cristo no es su apellido … en lugar de eso, es un título. En efecto, decir “Jesucristo” significa decir – proclamar – que Jesús es el Cristo. Pero, ¿qué significa eso?

Primero, una vez más consideremos la etimología: la palabra Cristo viene de la palabra griega Christos, misma que viene de la palabra hebrea, Mashiach, o en español, Mesías. Esa palabra – Mashiach, Mesías – significa el Ungido.

Este concepto del Ungido era ya antiguo para el pueblo de Israel. A lo largo del Antiguo Testamento, las personas consagradas a Dios para una misión que Él les daba eran ungidas en Su nombre. Eso incluía a los reyes, los sacerdotes y los profetas. Un ejemplo clásico de esto se encuentra en la historia de David.

Cómo las obras se relacionan con el proceso de la salvación

En el último número, enfoqué cómo avanza una persona desde ser no salvada (es decir, no estar en un estado de gracia- NEG) a ser salvada (en un estado de gracia – EG) y cómo ninguna obra de la ley moral (CIC 1950 ff.) puede colocarle a la persona en un estado de gracia (Ef 2,8-10, CIC 2010). Este artículo enfocará el papel crítico de las obras en el proceso de la salvación, y, aunque las obras no nos puedan colocar en un estado de gracia, veremos cómo se relacionan directamente con la retención o la pérdida de nuestro estado de gracia.

He tenido muchas alegrías desde que me ordenaron al sacerdocio, pero tengo que decir que, aunque anhelaba el Sacramento de la Reconciliación, no anticipaba enamorarme tanto con este sacramente de la manera tan profundo en que lo he hecho.

Es un privilegio asombroso ser una extensión del amor, de la misericordia y del perdón de Dios al ir abriendo los corazones a la Buena Nueva - esa noticia retadora – del Evangelio. En este sacramento tengo una oportunidad única por ayudarle a la gente a comprender cómo se relacionan sus obras con la salvación. Algunos piensan que el sexo antes del matrimonio es simplemente ir demasiado lejos (ver 1 Co 6,13-20). Otros se sorprenden al escuchar que el emborracharse es un pecado grave (ver 1 Co 5,11; 6,9-10). Y las hay que, debido a una catequesis deficiente, no tienen una comprensión adecuada de que los Diez Mandamientos dan una buena visión general sobre la materia grave (CIC 1858).

Los que están en el proceso de RICA, y los cristianos en general, parecen oscilar entre dos extremos: o la salvación se da por las obras (mi primer artículo) o que su pecado personal no es tan grave (este artículo).

Comenzaré con un resumen del proceso de salvación. En aras de brevedad, omito las excepciones al proceso normal de la salvación ya que las personas que reciben excepciones son conocidas sólo por Dios (CIC 848).

Resumen

• Un adulto que no cree y que no ha sido bautizado no es salvado (NEG).
• Cuando una persona escucha el Evangelio salvífico de Jesucristo, cree lo que escucha, y es bautizada, es salvada por Jesucristo (EG).
• Ser salvado (justificado) significa que el pecado ha sido perdonado (original y actual) y la persona es santificada en su interior (hecho santo), volviéndose hija o hijo adoptivo de Dios y compartiendo la vida divina de Dios y se le abre el acceso al cielo.
• El proceso de moverse del estado de no salvado (NEG) ocurre al 100% por la gracia y es un don gratuito, al que se accede por medio de la fe.
• Las obras no tienen ninguna injerencia en que la persona avance desde ser no salvado (ENG) al ser salvado (EG).
• Una vez salvado (EG), el cristiano es ahora llamado a las buenas obras; y si hay una grave violación de la fe o de la moral, se puede perder la salvación (pecado mortal, NEG, perdida del cielo). El medio ordinario para restaurar la gracia y el acceso al cielo es a través del Sacramento de la Reconciliación.
• En la Reconciliación, el proceso de avanzar desde no salvado hacia ser salvado se debe cien por ciento a la gracia, es un don gratuito, a la que se accede por la fe; las obras no juegan ningún papel en este progreso desde no salvado (NEG) hacia salvado (EG). Ya restaurado, el cristiano es llamado a las buenas obras. 
• Todo esto se hace posible por la obra salvífica de Jesucristo, en Su sufrimiento, muerte Resurrección y Ascensión.

Fundamento Bíblico

"Pues habéis sido salvados por la gracia mediante la fe; y esto no viene de vosotros, sino que es un don de Dios; tampoco viene de las obras, para que nadie se gloríe. En efecto, hechura suya somos: creados en Cristo Jesús, en orden a las buenas obras que de antemano dispuso Dios que practicáramos." (Ef 2,8-10).

Una vez que San Pablo haya explicado que entramos en la salvación por la gracia, por la fe y no por las obras, inmediatamente le da seguimiento al decir que fuimos creados “en orden a las buenas obras” y que dispuso Dios que las “practicáramos”. ¿Enseña la Iglesia Católica que nuestras obras nos ganan un estado de gracia (nos salvan)? No. ¿Enseña la Iglesia Católica que nuestras obras nos ganan algo y nos dan algún beneficio para el cielo? Sí.

How Works Relate to the Salvation Process

In the last issue I focused on how one moves from being unsaved (not in a state of grace—NSG) to being saved (in a state of grace—SG) and how no work of the moral law (CCC 1950 ff.) can place one into a state of grace (Eph 2:8-10, CCC 2010). This article will focus on the crucial role of works in the salvation process and, while works cannot put us into a state of grace, how they are directly related to retaining or losing our state of grace.

There have been many joys since being ordained to the priesthood, but I must say that, while I looked forward to the Sacrament of Reconciliation, I did not anticipate falling in love with this sacrament to the depths that I have.

It is an amazing privilege to be an extension of God’s love, mercy, and forgiveness while opening hearts to the good news—the challenging news—of the Gospel. In this sacrament I have a unique opportunity to help people understand how their works relate to salvation. Some come thinking that sex before marriage is just going a little too far (see 1 Cor 6:13-20). Others are surprised to hear that getting drunk is a grave sin (see 1 Cor 5:11; 6:9-10). Still others, because of poor catechesis, lack sufficient understanding that the Ten Commandments are a good overview of grave matter (CCC 1858).

Those in RCIA, and Christians in general, seem to swing between two extremes: either salvation is by works (my first article) or that their personal sin isn’t that serious (this article).

I will start with a summary overview of the salvation process. For the sake of space, I am leaving out the exceptions to the normal process of salvation since those who receive exceptions are known to God alone (CCC 848).

Summary

• An unbelieving, unbaptized adult is unsaved (NSG).
• When one hears the saving Gospel of Jesus Christ, believes what he hears, and is baptized, he is saved by Jesus Christ (SG).
• Being saved (justified) means that sin is forgiven (original and actual) and one is internally sanctified (made holy), an adopted son of God who shares in God’s divine life and has access to heaven.
• This process of moving from being unsaved (NSG) to saved (SG) is one hundred percent by grace and is a free gift, accessed by faith.
• Works have no part in a person moving from being unsaved (NSG) to saved (SG).
• Once saved (SG), Christians are called to good works. If there is a grave violation of faith or morals, one can forfeit salvation (mortal sin, NSG, loss of heaven). The ordinary means for restoring grace and access to heaven is through the Sacrament of Reconciliation.
• In Reconciliation, the process of moving from being unsaved to saved is one hundred percent by grace. It is a free gift, accessed by faith, and works have no part in moving from being unsaved (NSG) to saved (SG). Once restored, the Christian is called to good works.
• All of this is made possible by the saving work of Jesus Christ in his Suffering, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension.

Desde que me hice católico en el 2004, me he encontrado con muchos, muchos católicos que no comprenden a la gracia, la salvación, o cómo se les concede el acceso al cielo. Muchos han revelado que viven con el miedo de ir al infierno debido a algún pecado desconocido no confesado o que su comprensión de cómo son salvados se basa exclusivamente en sus obras. Estos católicos no comprenden como la fe y las obras se relacionan con la salvación. En breve, no comprenden la fuente de su salvación.

El Dr. Peter Kreeft explica el problema en su libro, Catholics and Protestants: What Can We Learn from Each Other? [Católicos y protestantes: ¿qué podemos aprender los unos de los otros].[1] A lo largo de sus años como profesor de filosofía en Boston College, les preguntaba sus estudiantes, “si fueras a morir esta noche y a encontrarte con Dios y que Él te preguntara porque te debería de dejar entrar al cielo, ¿qué le contestarías?” Generalmente recibía una de tres respuestas:

1. Soy buena persona (pelagiano, auto-salvación)
2. Espero en la misericordia de Dios (presunción)
3. Jesucristo

Prosigue diciendo que entre el 0 y el 5 por ciento de los católicos citan a Jesús como la fuente de su salvación, y la colocan principalmente en las obras, mientras que casi el 100% de protestantes evangélicos citan a Jesús como fuente de su salvación.

Si los catecúmenos y los candidatos no saben claramente que Jesús es la fuente de su salvación, y cómo se relacionan las obras con ella, corremos el riesgo de crear cristianos basados en obras que no se han convertido de corazón y que son incapaces de perseverar hasta el fin (Mt 24,13, CEC 161).

Lo que sigue es la primera parte de una vista general de cómo un adulto procede de su condición de no salvado a la de salvado (y de salvado a no salvado) y la relación de la gracia, la fe, y las obras. Concretamente, ¿cuáles son los medios ordinarios de la gracia para la salvación? La primera parte enfocará específicamente cómo la persona es salvada y la segunda parte enfocará cómo se puede perder la salvación. En aras de ahorrar espacio, dejo fuera las excepciones al proceso normal de la salvación, ya que aquellos que reciben excepciones son conocidos solo por Dios (CEC 848).

Since becoming Catholic in 2004, I have encountered many, many Catholics who do not understand grace, salvation, or how they are granted access to heaven. Many have revealed they live in fear of going to hell because of some unknown, unconfessed sin or that their understanding of how they are saved is solely based on their works. These Catholics do not understand how faith and works relate to salvation. In short, they do not understand the source of their salvation.

Dr. Peter Kreeft explains the problem in his book, Catholics and Protestants: What Can We Learn from Each Other?[1] Throughout his years of teaching philosophy at Boston College, he would ask students, “if you were to die tonight and meet God, and God asked you why he should let you into heaven, what would you answer him?” He usually would receive one of three answers:

1. I’m a good person (Pelagian, self-salvation)
2. I hope in God’s mercy (presumption)
3. Jesus Christ

He goes on to say that 0 to 5 percent of Catholics cite Jesus as the source of their salvation, and place it mostly on works, but that nearly 100 percent of Evangelical Protestants cite Jesus as the source of their salvation.

If catechumens and candidates do not clearly know that Jesus is the source of their salvation, and how works are related to it, we run the risk of creating works-based Christians who are not converted in heart and incapable of persevering until the end (Mt 24:13, CCC 161).

What follows is part one of two of an overview of how an adult moves from being unsaved to saved (and saved to unsaved) and the relationship of grace, faith, and works. Namely, what are the ordinary means of grace for salvation? Part one will focus specifically how one becomes saved and part two will focus on how one can lose salvation. For the sake of space, I am leaving out the exceptions to the normal process of salvation, since those who receive exceptions are known to God alone (CCC 848).

In the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults there are several aspects of formation and many moving parts that all contribute to the overall formation of the catechumens and the candidates. The pastoral aspect of formation concerns itself with the overall discipleship development of the catechumens, while the catechetical aspect helps them come to know the Word of God and brings them into intimacy with Jesus Christ. However, it is sometimes easy to forget that the RCIA is a liturgical rite and that the liturgical rites provide the grace and supernatural power that transforms the catechumens to become more like Christ and brings them into the life of grace. Therefore, it is crucially important that we both understand and fully implement all of the liturgical rites the Church provides us in the RCIA process in order to effectively form life-long disciples of Jesus Christ.

The Liturgy: The Grace that Drives the RCIA Process

First, we have to understand that the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults is exactly that—a liturgical Rite. It is the liturgical rites that drive the process, from marking the movement of the catechumens from one period to the other to lavishing the catechumens with the grace of Christ and the Church as they move through the joyful (yet sometimes long and difficult) RCIA journey. Without this grace and supernatural assistance—which is the living water that drives the entire process—we risk forming catechumens who are not adequately prepared and empowered by God’s grace to live the Christian life.

In discussing these liturgical rites, we can distinguish between two particular kinds of rites given to us by the Church in the RCIA process. The first is called a “major rite” which includes “the more intense moments of initiation” (RCIA, 6). Examples include the Rite of Acceptance into the Order of Catechumens that begins the Period of the Catechumenate. Another would be the Rite of Election and Enrollment of Names that begins the Period of Purification and Enlightenment; and the final major rite is the reception of the Sacraments of Initiation at the Easter Vigil. These rites provide the grace and assistance of the Church as the catechumens progress from one period of the process to another.

The RCIA also offers a variety of other liturgical rites that are called “minor rites” that belong to particular periods of the RCIA. While these rites are called “minor rites” to distinguish them from the “major rites” that coincide with the major liturgical steps in the process, these minor rites are in no way to be neglected and are a crucial and indispensable part of the overall RCIA process. These minor rites are in fact packed with major grace that assists, strengthens, heals, and empowers the catechumens as they journey towards fullness of life in the Catholic Church.

The bottom line is that any fully effective RCIA process must employ the minor and the major rites in order to bring about the full and fruitful discipleship development of the catechumens. Let’s now explore more fully the minor rites of the RCIA process and how we can most effectively celebrate these rites.

To find out more about the Discipleship Quads or to download your FREE Starter Kit click here

This is a paid advertisement in the October-December 2019 issue.

La necesidad en la Iglesia

El discipulado es una palabra que muchos comprenden solo parcialmente. Si la gente está familiarizada con la palabra, generalmente la definen como ser seguidor de Jesús. El problema es que muy poca percibirá que el discipulado también abarca el ser formador de discípulos. Al responder a la Gran Comisión en Mateo 28, 19-20, somos llamados no solamente a seguir a Jesús y todo lo que Él enseña, sino también a ir y hacer discípulos.