When news of the 5-4 decision of the Supreme Court to legalize same-sex marriage was announced, some said that the question had been settled. But it isn’t. Five people, no matter how prominent, cannot settle such a momentous question for a democratic nation. Dred Scott did not end the discussion about the humanity of African-American slaves. Roe v. Wade did not end the discussion about the humanity of the unborn child. Obergefell vs. Hodges will not end the discussion of what marriage is or is not. There are too many questions and too many deeply held convictions that require further dialogue.

Let’s put things in perspective. For over 2000 years the Church has proclaimed the Gospel. Sometimes her teaching is welcomed with joy; sometimes with skepticism or indifference; and sometimes with outright rejection. Through it all the Church has gained much experience in living and ministering in lands where her teachings are deemed to be on the wrong side of the polls and even on the wrong side of the law. Not to put too fine a point on things, that experience is not always pleasant. Jesus told us there would be troubles along the way.

Where Do We Go from Here?

The first instinct might be to withdraw from the world, like the frightened disciples in the upper room just after Jesus rose from the dead. The better impulse is from the Holy Spirit, poured out upon the Church at Pentecost. St. Paul summed it up when he said, “Woe is me if I do not preach the Gospel” (1 Cor 9:16). In the same vein, Pope Francis has urged all of us to be missionary disciples, followers of Christ who bear witness by lives of love to the sound doctrine of the Gospel “in season and out of season” (2 Tim 4:2), whether welcome or unwelcome. The Church goes forth and proposes with joy and courage the words of spirit and life. And like a family it welcomes all those who are open to the Gospel and who, in spite of human weakness, strive to live it. If we are honest with ourselves, we all fall short of living the Gospel and are reliant on the mercy of God.

In a very short time, preaching and teaching about marriage as exclusively between one man and one woman has become culturally controversial. It is routinely compared to the bigotry of those who opposed interracial marriages or is thought to be based on hostility toward homosexual men and women. It is worth thinking about these claims; they are not self-evident. Those who opposed interracial marriages did not deny that such marriages could take place but rather, for reprehensible reasons, they argued that they should not. Indeed, the Church’s teaching rejects unjust discrimination against anyone and calls for the respect of every person’s human dignity.

Marriage also pertains to human dignity. In God’s plan it is linked to bringing children into the world. Even in our technological age, only a man and woman can beget a child; two people of the same sex cannot do so. This is not just a biological fact but part of what Pope Francis calls “human ecology.” Here he reflects what the Church’s teaching and vast human experience has demonstrated: every child ought to have a loving mother and a father and a stable home. This accumulated wisdom is not against anyone. It is for children. It is for the good of human society. Indeed, until recently, the government understood that its primary interest in marriage was the good of children, not adult friendships.

True Love is a Sign of Contradiction

The Church is never completely at home anywhere in the world; but throughout the balance of its history, the United States has been hospitable, not only to the Catholic Church but also to religion in general, thanks to its constitutional guarantees of free speech and freedom of religion. And for much of its history the United States has agreed with George Washington who said that, “of all the dispositions and habits that lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable supports” (Farewell Address). Of late that has begun to change. Today freedom of religion, the first of our freedoms, is taking a back seat to a newly discovered (but textually absent) freedom in the Constitution: the nearly unbridled freedom of sexual expression. Preaching the Gospel or seeking to live by countercultural convictions is becoming problematic, potentially punishable by law.

Justice Kennedy’s majority opinion legalizing same-sex marriage recognizes the right of churches and conscientious individuals to teach and advocate otherwise, that is, their right of free speech, a right which his own opinion burdens. What is more troubling is that his opinion does not recognize the right of churches and conscientious individuals to act on what they believe, that is to say, the free exercise of religion: to be able to hire those who are in accord with the Church’s mission; to grant employee benefits according to the Church’s deeply held beliefs; to enter into contracts with the government for social services without having to change its teachings on marriage and sexuality. Already in many places the Church has been forced out of providing adoption and foster care services because of its refusal to place children with same-sex couples or unmarried opposite-sex couples who co-habit. After years of excellent performance by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops’ Migration and Refugee Services (MRS) in administering contract services for victims of human trafficking, the federal government changed its contract specifications to require MRS to provide or refer for contraceptive and abortion services in violation of Church teaching. Nor does the Supreme Court ruling remove from churches the possibility of losing their tax exemption for teaching that marriage is between a man and a woman and organizing their ministries accordingly.

It will be some time before the full impact of the Court’s decision is known. What we do know is this: the four dissenting opinions of the High Court were exceptionally strong and call into question the long-term sustainability of Obergefell. With the passage of time, its flawed argumentation will be more apparent. So too it will become ever clearer that Obergefell is profoundly contrary to our “human ecology.” In the meantime, it is important to oppose the reasoning of this decision but in a way that is respectful. We also need to remain vigilant against unfair charges of unjust discrimination coupled with further incursions against our religious liberty rights. Most of all, it is by living the Church’s teaching on the vocation of marriage and family, by setting a good example of joy and virtue, that Catholic couples can be a fruitful and life-giving “sign of contradiction.”

Most Reverend William E. Lori has served as the archbishop of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, Maryland since 2012. Archbishop Lori had previously served as the fourth Bishop of Bridgeport, Connecticut. In 2011, he was appointed to be the Chair of the Ad Hoc Committee for Religious Liberty of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB). Another version of this article is also published in Catholic Review (3 July 2015) under the title “Charity in Truth: Supreme Court Decision on Marriage—Where do we go from here?”

This article was originally on pages 14-15 of the printed edition.