Franciscan at Home

En 2004, el Consejo Pontificio para la Cultura publicó, ¿Dónde está tu Dios? La fe cristiana ante increencia religiosa. Este documento trata primariamente con la increencia e indiferencia religiosa que tienen el secularismo como causa, y una nueva religiosidad subjetiva y emotiva como consecuencia. En este artículo exploraremos el problema de la increencia e indiferencia religiosa. En la siguiente edición de The Sower, trataremos esta nueva religiosidad religiosa.

El fenómeno de la increencia en la cultura actual es distinto del ateísmo militante, y de los regímenes ateos del pasado. Es diferente en el sentido en que ‘con frecuencia las personas no se vuelven ateas o no creyentes por propia elección, como conclusión de un trabajoso proceso, sino simplemente, porque «così fan tutti», porque es lo que hace todo el mundo.’ (¿Dónde está tu Dios? I.1).

El Consejo identifica varias causas de esta nueva forma de increencia e indiferencia religiosa.

La primera causa que se menciona es el incremento en el cientifismo, con su ‘visión del mundo sin referencia alguna a Dios…’(I.2.1). Observe bien, sin embargo, que el documento no menciona que el problema sea un incremento en la ciencia, sino en el cientifismo.

En 2004, el Pontificio Consejo para la Cultura publicó un documento que es muy relevante para la actividad catequética y para ayudar a los catequistas en su interacción con la cultura contemporánea: ¿Dónde está tu Dios? La fe cristiana ante la increencia religiosa. Este documento trata primariamente con la increencia e indiferencia religiosa que tienen como causa el secularismo, y una nueva religiosidad subjetiva y emotiva como consecuencia. En este artículo exploraremos el problema que está a la raíz del secularismo.

¿Dónde está tu Dios? declara, ‘Si la secularización es el legítimo proceso de autonomía de las realidades terrestres, el secularismo es «una concepción del mundo según la cual este último se explica por sí mismo sin que sea necesario recurrir a Dios; Dios resultaría pues superfluo y hasta un obstáculo».’ (I.3) En este tipo de cultura ‘muchos de los que antes eran creyentes… son dominados por una mentalidad hedonista, consumista y relativista’. «Cuando la secularización se transforma en secularismo (Evangelii Nuntiandi, n. 55), surge una grave crisis cultural y espiritual, uno de cuyos signos es la pérdida del respeto a la persona y la difusión de una especie de nihilismo antropológico que reduce al hombre a sus instintos y tendencias»’ (Introducción, 1).

El documento prosigue para relacionar el secularismo con la globalización. El secularismo y sus consecuencias se despliegan más rápidamente debido a la globalización, la cual se relaciona también con los modernos medios masivos de comunicación social. La indiferencia, el materialismo práctico, el relativismo religioso y moral se ven favorecidos por la globalización de la llamada sociedad opulenta’ (I.2.5).

Es obvio que las consecuencias del secularismo, la increencia y la indiferencia religiosas, ofrecen desafíos importantes para la catequesis.

La serie que examina los rasgos claves de la cultura contemporánea característica del ‘campo’ en el que nuestros catequistas actuales siembran la palabra.

La tierra en la que queremos sembrar la semilla de la palabra de Dios en la catequesis recibe una influencia radical de parte de la mentalidad filosófica del pragmatismo, influencia que hace que la tierra se vuelva un poco pedregosa, incluso espinosa.

El pragmatismo es una mentalidad riesgosa. En su encíclica sobre la fe y la razón, el Papa Juan Pablo II dice esto muy claramente, describiendo el pragmatismo como ‘peligroso’. Dice, ‘No menores peligros conlleva el pragmatismo, actitud mental propia de quien, al hacer sus opciones, excluye el recurso a reflexiones teoréticas o a valoraciones basadas en principios éticos.’ (Fides ET Ratio 89)

Esta mentalidad, por lo tanto, descuida la verdad en favor de lo parece ser práctico. El Papa Benedicto relaciona esta manera de pensar con la narración de la Pasión: ‘En el relato de la Pasión de Cristo encontramos la pregunta de Pilatos: "¿Qué es la verdad?" (Jn 18, 38). Es la pregunta de un escéptico, que dice: "Tú afirmas que eres la verdad, pero ¿qué es la verdad?". Así, suponiendo que la verdad no se puede reconocer, Pilatos da a entender: "hagamos lo que sea más práctico, lo que tenga más éxito, en vez de buscar la verdad". Luego condena a muerte a Jesús, porque actúa con pragmatismo…” (Asís: Discurso a los jóvenes, 17 junio 2007). Aquí, el Santo Padre revela las consecuencias malévolas cuando vivimos de acuerdo con la mentalidad pragmática, en la que estamos dispuestos a hacer caso omiso de las preguntas mayores de la verdad.

In November of 1999, the bishops in the United States issued their Pastoral Plan for Adult Faith Formation in the United States, which bears the title: Our Hearts Were Burning Within Us. Part I of this magnificent document contains the following words:

‘The world is being reshaped by technology. Not only are computers transforming the way we live and work, they enable many adults to pursue lifelong learning to keep pace with the rapidly changing workplace. Communication technology has also made the world smaller through e-mail, global networks, and increased contacts with other cultures. This globalization of society increases our awareness of and interdependence with other peoples and societies. Adults are responding to these changes by self-directed learning, on-the-job training, and enrolling in continuing education courses in large numbers.

‘Throughout the centuries the Spirit has guided the Church so that the Word would be spread to each generation. Today that Spirit is awakening a new evangelization and a new apologetics.’[i]

I can personally attest to the impact educational technology has had upon my own faith life, beginning from my days as an undergraduate student at a large public university. At age 19, should a curious soul have asked me to name the four Gospels, to explain the role of Jesus in my personal salvation, or to elaborate upon why Catholics believe in the Real Presence of Jesus Christ in the Holy Eucharist, I would have failed to provide an adequate response. When called upon to fulfill these various requests, I floundered before doing what seemed entirely natural; to type Catholic.com into the address bar of my web browser.

That one act led me down a path of virtual adult faith formation. Eventually, I became a regular contributor on several online religious bulletin boards, both Protestant and Catholic. I was engaged in the ‘new evangelization and [the] new apologetics’ before I could begin to articulate what those two terms meant. Immediate, instant access to an online Catholic encyclopedia, a library of well-written, pithy, and organized Catholic tracts, and an electronic collection of the writings of the Early Church Fathers… these and other online resources enabled me to engage in a deep process of ‘self-directed learning’ that eventually brought me to seek out a graduate degree in Catholic theology and catechetics.

William Newton helps catechists to think about the categories that need to be used in order to present the Church’s understanding of homosexuality and same sex unions.

In passing on the faith, or in helping people deepen their understanding of it, the Church’s vision of human sexuality must obviously be addressed. Such catechesis aims first of all at extolling the blessings of sexuality, especially in its relation to marriage, but should, the Church tells us, ‘provide a good context within which to deal with the question of homosexuality.’

Aside from the understandable fear of touching upon this issue, given the charged atmosphere that surrounds it at present, there is also the difficulty that the arguments involved have a certain complexity. Here, I will attempt to unpack some of the Church’s argumentation in such a way to make them clear and, I hope, communicable. The key to this, it seems to me, is to have clarity about a set of three distinctions. Once these are understood, the compelling logic of the Church’s position comes to light. The three distinctions are: the distinction between act, inclination, and person; between tolerance and promotion; and between private and common good.

G.K. Chesterton once said, ‘Individualism kills individuality.’[i] With this paradoxical statement he addresses an issue that is as relevant today as it was in 1928. Part of the air of contemporary culture which we breathe on a daily basis is a radical individualism. Catechetically speaking, it is an element of the soil into which we are attempting to plant the seed of the Word of God.

Venerable John Paul II defines radical individualism in the following way:

‘Individualism presupposes a use of freedom in which the subject does what he wants, in which he himself is the one to “establish the truth” of whatever he finds pleasing or useful. He does not tolerate the fact that someone else “wants” or demands something from him in the name of an objective truth. He does not want to “give” to another on the basis of truth; he does not want to become a “sincere gift.” Individualism thus remains egocentric and selfish.’[ii]

How then might we address this in our catechetical work?

The topic of testing children before reception of First Communion has been a topic of discussion among catechists for some time. I believe that a well-written test is beneficial for several reasons.

Our pastors are required by canon law to ‘exercise vigilance so that children who have not attained the use of reason or whom he judges are not sufficiently disposed do not approach Holy Communion’.[v] We, as catechetical leaders, work for and under the direction of our pastor.[vi] We therefore need to exercise vigilance so that children who have not attained the use of reason or whom we judge are not sufficiently disposed do not receive Holy Communion or other sacraments until the criteria is reached.

How can we know that children are ready to receive the Eucharist and the other sacraments if we do not test them?

The Church, in her teaching documents, places significant emphasis on the lifelong nature of catechesis. Catechesis accompanies each person from the cradle to the grave. It is pertinent to note that this dedicated accompaniment of every man and woman is envisaged by the Church to be a kind of journey in reverse, a journey from the grave to the cradle.

Martha Drennan discusses how the parish can support the life-long process of growing in the knowledge of the faith, a process which starts in the family.
I was born into a Catholic family that would never miss Mass, made many sacrifices in their middle class life to send three girls to Catholic school, and could not imagine not being Catholic. With Dad serving as an Army officer, we moved to widely different areas of the country and experienced three different diocesan school systems.

As a product of all this cradle Catholic upbringing, I found myself to be 31 years old, a nominal Catholic who would not miss Mass, who wanted to go to heaven, but who did not know how to avoid hell. I had been left behind in my understanding of my Faith and how to live it as a disciple of Jesus Christ.

This was the beginning of my adult conversion experience. I was now going to begin the journey of catching up on my faith as an adult and how to live it as an adult. I was afraid and knew I needed God more in my life. That was all the Holy Spirit needed to take me on a whirlwind adventure.

On January 24, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI announced the theme for the 44th World Communications Day: ‘The Priest and Pastoral Ministry in a Digital World: New Media at the Service of the Word.’ The Holy Father summarizes this theme in these words:

‘It focuses attention on the important and sensitive pastoral area of digital communications, in which priests can discover new possibilities for carrying out their ministry to and for the Word of God. Church communities have always used the modern media for fostering communication, engagement with society, and, increasingly, for encouraging dialogue at a wider level. Yet the recent, explosive growth and greater social impact of these media make them all the more important for a fruitful priestly ministry.’[i]

The message can be summarized in the following bullet points:

* Priests have the primary duty of proclaiming Jesus and communicating his saving grace by means of the sacraments.

* Priests must learn and employ the new communications technologies (e.g., images, videos, animated features, blogs, websites) so that they may be put in the service of the Word.

* Priests should be known more for their priestly heart, their closeness to Christ, than for their media savvy.

* The priest can make God concretely present in today’s world, thus demonstrating the relevance of religion through competence in current digital technology.

* The priest’s presence in the world of digital communications brings him into contact with those who do not believe, which brings about many opportunities for evangelization.
* The priest’s ultimate fruitfulness comes from Christ himself, thus the need for a fruitful, ongoing life of prayer and charity.

This being the Year for Priests, Pope Benedict’s aim is appropriately on target. I believe that the Holy Father’s encouraging suggestions can be easily translated to the office of the lay catechist, whose task ‘is basically that of communicating God's word.’[ii]